section+1.2+pages+15-19

__**Materials**__ -Under microscopic view, the burrs had hooks that caught on to the loops of his clothes -After making his own loop and hook tapes, he patented the design in 1955 -The **Macroscopic** world is the world of objects large enough to see with the unaided eye -The **Microscopic** world is the world of objects that can only be seen under magnification __**Energy**__ -Energy is necessary to meet the needs of a modern society -Easiest way to conserve energy is through insulation. Insulation acts as a barrier to heat flow -SEAgel is an insulating foam that is very lightweight -Burning of coal, petroleum, and natural gas are major sources of energy. These materials are fossil fuels because they formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals -Biodiesel comes from plants -Batteries are devices that use chemicals to store energy that will be released as electric current when the batteries are used -Application benefits of batteries include cordless tools, cameras, cell phones, and laptop computers -Biochemists work with doctors and chemists to reach their goals of understanding the matter found in the human body and the chemical changes in cells -Over 2000 prescription drugs -Many drugs are effective because they interact in a specific way with chemicals in cells -Chemistry can supply materials to repair or replace body parts, like diseased arteries can be replaced with plastic tubes -When genes from humans are transferred to bacteria, the bacteria act as factories. They produce important chemicals such as insulin, which is used to treat diabetes.
 * -Chemists design materials to fit specific needs. Often they find inspiration in nature**
 * -** George de Mestral investigated the burrs stuck to his clothes while hiking in Switzerland
 * -Chemists play an essential role in finding ways to conserve energy, produce energy, and store energy**
 * Conservation**
 * Production**
 * Storage**
 * __Medicine and Biotechnology__**
 * -Chemistry supplies the medicines, materials, and technology that doctors use to treat their patients**
 * Medicines**
 * Materials**
 * Biotechnology**
 * Biotechnology** applies science to the production of biological products or processes. It uses techniques that can alter the DNA in living organisms

Productivity 1. Test soil to see if it contains the right chemicals to grow a particular crop and recommend ways to improve the soil 2. Use biotechnology to develop plants that are more likely to survive in a drought or insect attack 3. Finding reliabe ways to determine when a crop needs water Crop Protection -An example is pinworms, where there is a chemical that attracts male pinworm moths wrapped around a tomato stem. When the chemical is released, it interferes with the mating process so that fewer pinworms are produced. Identify Pollutants Prevent Pollution
 * Agriculture**
 * The population is increasing, while the amount of available land is decreasing
 * The agriculture land needs to be as productive as possible
 * Factors that decrease productivty are poor soil, lack of water, weeds, plant diseases and pests that eat crops
 * Chemists can help with these problems by:
 * Chemicals designed to kill pests could also kill useful insects, so today chemicals are designed for specific problems. These chemicals are like the chemicals plants use to protect themselves.
 * Sometimes, chemists use chemicals produced by insects to fight pests.
 * The Environment**
 * Pollutant: a material found in air, water or soil that is harmful to humans or other organisms.
 * Chemists help identify pollutants and prevent pollution
 * Lead is an example of a pollutant, it was used by the Romans in their pipe system and wine bottles
 * They believe lead poisoning may have caused Roman rulers to make bad descisions
 * Lead was used in paints, gasoline and other products until the mid 1900s and they discovered in 1971 that a low amount of lead can be harmful to humans.
 * Low levels of lead in the blood can damage the nervous system of a child and can cause a reduced ability to learn
 * Lead paint was banned from houses in 1978, and today the major source of lead in children is from the houses that had been painted with lead paint before it was illegal. Children would touch the walls then the lead would transfer to theirs mouths off their fingers.
 * To prevent lead poisoning, it is advised to test children's blood, regulate homes sales to families with children and public awareness of campaigns.
 * The Universe**
 * To study the universe, chemists gather data from afar and analyze the matter that is brought back to Earth
 * In 1868, Pierre Janssen discovered gas on the sun's surface which he named helium and in 1895, William Ramsay discovered helium on earth.
 * Scientists depend of matter brought back to earth to study the moon and planets.
 * Chemists have analyzed more than 850 lbs of moon rock brought back to earth.

Nature's Pharmacy
 * 40% of all modern medicines come from chemicals produced by plants or animals
 * First they identify the active ingredient then purify it for human use.